SOUND
An Interactive eBook on the Physics of Sound
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Simulation 7J: Diffraction
1. Introduction
2. Basics
2a: Motion and Force
2b: Newton’s Three Laws
2c: Density and Pressure
Simulation 2C: Molecular Dynamics
2d: Energy and Power
2e: Two Energy Laws
Simulation 2D: Energy Conservation in a Spring
2. Summary
3. Vibration
3a: Simple Harmonic Motion
Simulation 3A: Simple Harmonic Motion
3b: Period, Frequency, Amplitude, Restoring Force, Phase
3. Summary
4. Resonance
4a: Resonance Examples
Simulation 4A: Resonance
Resonance and Tidal Bores in the Bay of Fundy
4b: A Few Other Examples of Resonance
Simulation 4B: Damped, Driven, Harmonic Motion
Simulation 4C: Driven Springs
Simulation 4D: Quality Factor
4. Summary
5. Wave Types
5a: Transverse Waves
Simulation 5A: Transverse Waves
5b: Longitudinal Waves
Simulation 5B: Longitudinal Waves
5c: Torsional Waves
5d: Examples of Waves
Simulation 5C: Water Waves
Simulation 5D: Antenna
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
5. Summary
6. Wave Speed
6a: Speeds of Different Types of Waves
Simulation 6A: Wave Speed
6. Summary
7. Wave Behavior
7a: Reflection
Simulation 7A: Reflection
7b: Refraction
Simulation 7B: Refraction
Simulation 7C: Lenses
Simulation 7D: Dispersion 1
Simulation 7E: Dispersion of a Square Wave
7c: Adding Waves
Simulation 7F: Adding Wave Pulses
Simulation 7G: Adding Sine Waves
7d: Interference
Simulaton 7H: Path Difference
Simulation 7I: Interference
7e: Diffraction
Simulation 7J: Diffraction
7f: Doppler Shift
Simulation 7K: Doppler Shift
7. Summary
8. Pitch
8a: Pitch
8b: Loudness
8c: Just Noticeable Difference
8d: Timbre (The First Time)
Simulation 8A: Timbre
8. Summary
9. Fourier
9a: Wave Shape
9b: Fourier Series
Simulation 9A: Fourier Synthesis
9c: Fourier Analysis
9d: Timbre (Again!)
9. Summary
10. Perception
10a: Structure of the Ear
Detailed Structure of the Ear
10b: The Place Theory of Hearing
10c: The Temporal Theory of Hearing
10d: Hearing Loss
10E: Auditory Illusions
10F: Other Interesting Auditory Phenomena
Simulation 10A: Beats and Critical Bands
10G: Animal Hearing
10. Summary
11. Strings
11a: String Resonance
Simulation 11A: Driven String
Simulation 11B: String and Tube Standing Waves
11b: Surface Resonances
Simulation 11C: Vibrating Plate
11c: Volume or Helmholtz Resonance
11d: Stringed Instruments
11. Summary
12. Tubes
12a: Tube Resonance
12b: Impedance
Simulation 12B: Reflection from Boundaries
Simulation 12c: Mechanical Impedance
12c: Woodwind Instruments
12d: Brass Instruments
12e: Pipe Organs and Other Reed Instruments
12. Summary
13. Percussion
13a: Instruments with Non-harmonic Overtones
Simulation 13A: Circular Membrane
13b: Harmonic Percussion Instruments
13c: Other Musical Instruments
13. Summary
14. Voice
14a: The Vocal Tract
14b: Vocal Formants
14c: Phonemes
14d: Singing
14. Summary
15. Musical Scales
15a: The Pythagorean Scale
15b: Equal Temperament
Simulation 15A: Temperaments
15. Summary
16. Acoustics
16a: Acoustic Qualities
16b: Reverberation
16c: Other Acoustical Effects
16d: Sound Reinforcement
16e: Spatial Perception
16f: Animal Acoustics
16g: Other Acoustical Applications
16. Summary
17. Electricity and Magnetism
17a: Ohm’s Law
17b: Currents Cause Magnetic Fields
Simulation 17B: Magnetic Field
17c: Currents in a Magnetic Field MAY Experience a Force
Simulation 17C: Force on an Electric Charge in a Magnetic Field
17d: A CHANGING Magnetic Field Can Cause Current to Flow
Simulation 17D: Faraday’s Law
17. Summary
18. Electronics
18a: Microphones
18b: Recording
18c: Amplification
18d: Speakers
18e: Transmission
18. Summary
Credits and References
